日韩无码电影_納濾膜污染的原因及運行分析-宿州市威爾凈環(huán)?？萍加邢薰?/title> <meta name="description" content="最近小編經(jīng)?？吹搅粞躁P(guān)于納濾、反滲透微生物超標或受污染的問(wèn)題；反滲透在運行中常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題和解決方法已經(jīng)在之前發(fā)過(guò)好幾期，大家可以查閱歷史文章。這期主要介紹關(guān)于納濾膜的污染原因分析及如何運行操作來(lái)降低污染概率。納濾膜在運行中遇到的污染分析微生物污染微生物包括細菌、藻類(lèi)、真菌和病毒等.細菌的顆粒極小,一般為1一3拜m,病毒則更小,約為0.2一0.01拜m.微生物污染對納濾膜系統至少造成兩方面的不良后果:"> <meta name="keywords" content="純凈水設備|水處理|軟化水|消毒殺菌設備"> <meta name="generator" content="MetInfo 6.1.1" data-variable="http://www.everygo.cn/|cn|cn|metv6|2|37|36" data-user_name=""> <link href="http://www.everygo.cn/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.everygo.cn/public/ui/v2/static/css/basic.css?1535528574"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.everygo.cn/templates/metv6/cache/common.css?1616491626"> <style> body{ background-color: !important;font-family: !important;} </style>  <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta 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<span>2018-09-13 21:19:23</span> <span>zhou</span> <span> <i class="icon wb-eye m-r-5" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> </div> </section> <section class="met-editor clearfix"> <p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">最近小編經(jīng)?？吹搅粞躁P(guān)于納濾、反滲透微生物超標或受污染的問(wèn)題；反滲透在運行中常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題和解決方法已經(jīng)在之前發(fā)過(guò)好幾期，大家可以查閱歷史文章。這期主要介紹關(guān)于納濾膜的污染原因分析及如何運行操作來(lái)降低污染概率。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">納濾膜在運行中遇到的污染分析</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/b5af247a520142e8b02a1b9f34e82ba7.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">微生物污染</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">微生物包括細菌、藻類(lèi)、真菌和病毒等.細菌的顆粒極小,一般為1一3拜m,病毒則更小,約為0.2一0.01拜m.微生物污染對納濾膜系統至少造成兩方面的不良后果:第一,微生物的大量繁殖和代謝,產(chǎn)生大量的的膠體物質(zhì),致使膜被堵塞造成膜通量急劇下降;第二,將造成產(chǎn)水中的細菌總數的增加.納濾膜的微生物污染對整個(gè)裝置的長(cháng)周期運行極為不利,因此要對納濾膜的微生物污染高度重視.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">造成生物污染的原因一般有:</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">(l)進(jìn)水中含有較高數量的微生物;</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">(2)系統的停用、保護、沖洗等沒(méi)有嚴格按照技術(shù)手冊要求進(jìn)行</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">(3)沒(méi)有對進(jìn)水進(jìn)行殺菌或者殺菌劑投加量過(guò)小</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">(4)進(jìn)水水質(zhì)含有容易滋生微生物的營(yíng)養物質(zhì)從而導致微生物的大量滋生;</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">(5)沒(méi)有對管路進(jìn)行定期的殺菌和消毒.受到微生物污染的膜表面會(huì )十分滑膩并常有難聞的氣味,對生物膜樣品進(jìn)行焚燒的氣味同焚燒頭發(fā)一樣.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">（例如進(jìn)水的氨氮指標嚴重超濃度,導致管路中和膜元件內大量微生物滋生,對膜系統進(jìn)行化學(xué)清洗后,由于沒(méi)有對管路進(jìn)行殺菌消毒,系統啟運時(shí),在管路中存留的大部分微生物顆粒隨水流全部進(jìn)入膜端,導致系統產(chǎn)水率嚴重下降,膜段間壓降急劇上升.系統最終通過(guò)離線(xiàn)清洗得以消除污染.）</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/d2e386676bf649cbbf55f0c1b5741131.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">有機物及礦物油污染</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">由有機物造成的膜系統故障占全部系統故障的60%一80%.進(jìn)水中的有機物吸附在膜元件表面,會(huì )造成通量的損失,尤其是在第一段,在很多情況下,在膜表面形成的吸附層對水中的溶解鹽就象另一層分離阻擋層,堵塞膜面通道,導致脫鹽率上升,大分子量并且帶有疏水性基團的有機物常常會(huì )造成這種效應,例如微量的油滴、大分子量難降解的有機物等,會(huì )導致膜系統受到有機物污染.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">（例如石化廢水成份復雜,水中有機物濃度較高, 且含有微量油,因此在石化廢水深度處理裝置中使用的納濾膜系統中,有機物污染是一種最常見(jiàn)的污染類(lèi)型.對納濾膜的有機物污染一般通過(guò)進(jìn)水的油和有機污染物濃度分析即可判斷一般的有機污染通過(guò)定期的化學(xué)清洗即可消除.）</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/5312134e5a4d4079baefcc36f84d35fd.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">絮凝劑引起的污染</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">在系統的預處理過(guò)程中,在淺層浮選處理單元,通過(guò)加人一定的高純聚合鋁絮凝劑,使水中的膠體、大顆粒雜質(zhì)沉淀以及油類(lèi)物質(zhì)得以去除.絮凝劑的使用主要分為無(wú)機類(lèi)和有機類(lèi),無(wú)機類(lèi)一般為聚鐵、聚鋁,由于無(wú)機類(lèi)絮凝劑價(jià)格便宜而使用較多,為了避免對膜系統的鐵離子污染,一般的膜系統中都選用高純聚鋁作為絮凝劑;有機絮凝劑一般為聚丙烯酞胺、聚丙鹽類(lèi)的較多. 在某些膜系統的預處理單元中,無(wú)機類(lèi)和有機類(lèi)絮凝劑一起配合使用效果較好,但在實(shí)際使用中,要根據系統工藝的不同,水質(zhì)的不同,通過(guò)實(shí)際篩選決定使用絮凝劑的各類(lèi)和濃度.在實(shí)際的運行中,并不是所有的絮凝劑都會(huì )被絮凝成粒,無(wú)論是哪一類(lèi)的絮凝劑,都會(huì )在水中有一定的殘留,進(jìn)人后續處理單元后,正常情況下,殘留的絮凝劑會(huì )隨著(zhù)濃水排掉,但是如果絮凝劑投加濃度過(guò)高,膜系統進(jìn)水中的殘留量過(guò)多,會(huì )在納濾膜的表面進(jìn)行二次絮凝沉淀,引起膜污染,并且因為絮凝劑投加量過(guò)高而引起的污染在清洗中一般難以去除,甚至可以會(huì )導致在短時(shí)間內就需要更換膜。</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/b74dcd16e04c460da0bcb1dde875a9d5.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">結垢引起的污染</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">結垢是難溶性的鹽類(lèi)在膜表面析出固體沉淀,防止結垢的方法是保證難溶解性鹽類(lèi)不超過(guò)飽和界限.在納濾系統中析出的垢主要是無(wú)機成分,以碳酸鈣為主,除碳酸鹽以外,很多其他的無(wú)機鹽類(lèi)同樣具有較低的飽和溶解度,如硫酸鈣、硫酸鋇、硫酸惚及部分氫氧化物等.為了防止膜面結垢,一般在保安過(guò)濾器之前要加入適量的膜用阻垢劑,添加量一般控制在4一12mgl/*</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">有時(shí)也會(huì )出現投加的不同藥劑發(fā)生相互作用導致難溶物質(zhì)析出,進(jìn)而污染膜元件的事情.例如當聚合有機阻垢劑與多價(jià)陽(yáng)離子如鋁或殘留的聚合陽(yáng)離子絮凝劑相遇時(shí),將會(huì )形成膠關(guān)沉淀,嚴重污染前端的膜元件,這類(lèi)污堵很難清洗.因此在投加多種藥劑時(shí),應該注意這些藥劑的成分,根據水質(zhì)數據、反滲透設計方法和所選擇的膜型號,通過(guò)試驗確認它們的兼容性,并獲得恰當的阻垢劑類(lèi)型及投加劑量.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/30b60e8172e44d38a3f02214ebf1103d.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">膠體污染</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">膠體是具有1納米(nm)到1微米(拼m)粒徑,像粘土一樣很難自然降解的微粒子,在水中通常帶負電.污水中的有機膠質(zhì)類(lèi)物質(zhì)、過(guò)剩的絮凝劑投加量、污水中的金屬離子水解形成的氫氧化物膠體,是導致膠體污染的常見(jiàn)原因.廢水中的常見(jiàn)膠體污染物有氫氧化鐵、氫氧化鋁、二氧化硅膠體等.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">（例如膠體污染可以是由于加藥量過(guò)大、管路的腐蝕以及大分子量的有機物進(jìn)行膜系統所導致的）</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/ce06c6b8111940238d9c41cd3a961e9e.png" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">納濾系統的長(cháng)期運行經(jīng)驗</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/0f68b7700cb347809ef8815242063ac2.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">保持預處理效果的穩定</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">在預處理階段去除原水中的大部分污染物.良好的預處理效果,能夠有效減少納濾系統受到各類(lèi)污染的機率.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">（例如定期更換保安過(guò)濾器濾芯和檢查保安過(guò)濾器,防止過(guò)濾器內出現短流現象和滋生生物粘泥而對膜元件造成污染;嚴格控制進(jìn)水濁度和污染指標(SDI),控制進(jìn)水濁度小于0.5NTU,污染指數小于5;對膜前流程及膜系統進(jìn)行消毒殺菌,消毒殺菌對控制微生物污染是必不可少的關(guān)鍵步驟.對系統的殺菌分為沖擊式殺菌和連續性殺菌,可根據系統不同而選用不同的方法）</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/7bcfd1e5b1144c07b5a5f91ce7afdb85.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">控制較低的運行壓力和回收率</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">壓力是納濾脫鹽的推動(dòng)力,壓力升高,膜組件透水量線(xiàn)性上升,脫鹽率開(kāi)始時(shí)升高,當壓力升至一定值時(shí),脫鹽率趨于平穩.因而在實(shí)際運行中,壓力無(wú)需太高,壓力過(guò)高會(huì )使膜的衰減加劇,而且有可能損壞膜組件.為延長(cháng)膜組件的使用壽命,通常在脫鹽率和產(chǎn)水量滿(mǎn)足生產(chǎn)要求時(shí),采用稍低一些的壓力運行,對系統的長(cháng)周期運行有著(zhù)極大的好處.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">當納濾系統采用較高的回收率時(shí),濃水含鹽量相應提高,不但容易在濃水側產(chǎn)生濃差極化,而且會(huì )導致系統滲透壓的增大,為維持產(chǎn)水量,操作壓力必須提高,產(chǎn)水的比能耗也會(huì )增加,產(chǎn)水水質(zhì)變差,膜污染加重,結垢和微生物污染的危險性變大.根據運行經(jīng)驗,納濾系統的回收率控制在75%以下比較合適.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/667e8c3885774b13b2f5addd8f62ebec.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">對膜進(jìn)行物理清洗(產(chǎn)品水沖洗)</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">沖洗是采用低壓大流量的進(jìn)水沖洗膜元件,沖洗掉附著(zhù)在膜表面的污染物和堆積物,膜的低壓沖洗可以減少深度差,防止膜脫水現象的發(fā)生.在條件允許的情況下,建議經(jīng)常對系統進(jìn)行沖洗.增加沖洗次數比進(jìn)行一次化學(xué)清洗更有效果.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/bfcc7f1b4e2b4f6c97e597e25229f0d6.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">規范系統啟停操作及停運保護措施</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">系統啟動(dòng)和停止時(shí),流量和壓力會(huì )有波動(dòng).過(guò)大、過(guò)快的流量和壓力波動(dòng)可能會(huì )導致系統發(fā)生極限壓降現象,形成水錘作用,從而導致膜元件破裂,故在進(jìn)行啟停止操作時(shí)需緩慢增加或者降低壓力及流量.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">系統的開(kāi)機前和停運時(shí),應確保壓力容器內沒(méi)有真空,否則當再次啟運膜元件的瞬間會(huì )出現水錘或者水力沖擊,當已經(jīng)漏掉水分的系統在初始開(kāi)機或一般運行啟動(dòng)時(shí),就會(huì )出現上述現象.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">系統應保持較低的背壓(產(chǎn)水側壓力),產(chǎn)水側壓力高于原水側壓力。.05MPa以上時(shí),膜元件會(huì )受到物理性損傷.系統啟動(dòng)和停止運行前,要充分確認閥門(mén)的開(kāi)和關(guān)以及壓力的變動(dòng),保證運行過(guò)程中杜絕背壓現象發(fā)生.如果膜系統需要長(cháng)時(shí)間停運,則需要根據技術(shù)手冊要求,向系統內通入保護液或者定期通水來(lái)保證膜元件的正常備用.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/38c64500563d40bcaf709301d8a84f71.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">定期對膜元件進(jìn)行在線(xiàn)化學(xué)清洗</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">采用了合理的預處理系統和良好的運行管理,它只能使膜元件受污染的程度有所降低,要完全消除膜的污染是不可能的.因此,納濾膜系統運行一段時(shí)間后,將可能受到多種污染物的污染,尤其是使用在污水深度處理裝置的納濾膜系統,污染更是經(jīng)常發(fā)生一般情況下,經(jīng)過(guò)標準化后的產(chǎn)水量下降15%左右,進(jìn)水和濃水之間的系統壓降升高到初始值的1.5倍,產(chǎn)水水質(zhì)有明顯下降,就需要對膜元件進(jìn)行化學(xué)清洗.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">化學(xué)清洗時(shí),首先要判斷污染物種類(lèi),然后根據膜的特性選擇合適的清洗配方和清洗工藝.清洗時(shí)要注意控制清洗液的pH值、溫度和清洗液的流量.為了保證沖洗效果,具備條件的可以采用分段清洗的方法進(jìn)行化學(xué)清洗.目前國內及國際已經(jīng)有專(zhuān)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的膜專(zhuān)用清洗藥劑供選擇使用.清洗效果可以通過(guò)比較清洗前后的裝置的脫鹽率、產(chǎn)水量和壓降等性能來(lái)確認.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">用于石化廢水深度處理裝置的膜系統,化學(xué)清洗一般先進(jìn)行殺菌,然后進(jìn)行堿洗,去除微生物污染、有機物污染和油污染,然后再進(jìn)行酸洗,消除垢類(lèi)污染及金屬氫氧化物污染.清洗周期根據裝置的實(shí)際運行情況進(jìn)行確定.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20171219/a65e8ab97f5e42068e3d41028a1dfb66.gif" style="margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/ alt="圖片關(guān)鍵詞"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: 700; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px;">對膜元件進(jìn)行離線(xiàn)化學(xué)清洗</span></span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">當膜系統經(jīng)過(guò)多次在線(xiàn)化學(xué)清洗后無(wú)法恢復性能,或者膜系統受到重度污染后,則需要對膜元件進(jìn)行離線(xiàn)化學(xué)清洗.膜元件的重度污染是指污染后的單段壓差大于系統投運初期單段壓差值的2倍以上、反滲透系統產(chǎn)水量下降30%以上或者單支反滲透膜元件質(zhì)量超過(guò)正常數值3kg以上的情況.</p><p style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.63em; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "PingFang SC", Arial, 微軟雅黑, 宋體, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: justify;">根據用戶(hù)原水全分析報告、性能測試結果及所了解的系統信息判斷污染類(lèi)型及清洗流程;必要時(shí)再通過(guò)特殊的設備、器具作進(jìn)一步的驗證,以確定具體污染物類(lèi)型,確定所需清洗配方.將拆下了待清洗膜元件在專(zhuān)用離線(xiàn)清洗設備上進(jìn)行清洗,清洗后經(jīng)過(guò)檢測合格后回裝投用.</p><p><br/></p> </section> <div id="k28mcis0" class='met-page met-shownews-footer border-top1' > <ul class="pagination block blocks-2 p-t-20"> <li id="k28mcis0" class='page-item m-b-0 '> 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